Persistent pulmonary abnormalities after 18 months of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE: To describe persistent pulmonary abnormalities detected on HRCT after 18 months of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, and to determine their extension and correlation with pulmonary function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study with an initial cohort of 90 patients in follow-up due to persisting lung abnormalities on imaging, functional respiratory impairment and/or respiratory symptoms. Of these, 31 (34%) were selected for analysis due to the persistence of their lung abnormalities on HRCT at 18 months after infection. A double reading was performed for each HRCT (62 observations). RESULTS: Of the 31 patients included: 20 (65%) were men; mean age was 67 years; 17 (55%) were smokers/ex-smokers. The mean hospitalisation time was 38 days. Eighteen (58%) patients were admitted to intensive care units. Five patients (16%) suffered an acute pulmonary thromboembolism and three (9.7%) had a pneumothorax. The mean time between the onset of pneumonia and the follow-up HRCT was 20.34 months. Nineteen percent of patients suffered from total lung function abnormalities; and ground-glass opacities and reticulation were present in 12% and 4.5% respectively. The findings of the 62 readings were: ground-glass opacities (100%), reticulation (83%), subpleural curvilinear lines (62%), parenchymal bands (34%), traction bronchiectasis (69%), displacement of vessels/fissures (46%) and honeycombing (4.9%). Pulmonary function 18 months after the acute episode revealed a mean FVC of 92% of predicted value, with an FVC < 80% of predicted value in 11 patients (35.4%). Mean DLCO was 71% of predicted value, with a DLCO < 80% in 22 patients (70%). We observed a statistically significant relationship between total lung function abnormalities on HRCT and FVC (P < 0.05), and a trend towards statistical significance with DLCO (P = 0.051); there was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of ground-glass opacities and FEV1/FVC (P < 0.01). The relationships between reticulation and FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1% and DLCO% were also considered statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Persistent interstitial lung abnormalities are seen on HRCT for a subset of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Seventy percent of these patients suffered a slight decrease in DLCO.

Diagnosis and treatment of deep vein thrombosis of the lower and upper limbs. 2024 recommendations of the thromboembolic disease group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the limbs is a common disease and causes significant morbidity and mortality. It is frequently the prelude to pulmonary embolism (PE), it can recur in 30% of patients and in 25-40% of cases they can develop post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), with a significant impact in functional status and quality of life. This document contains the recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of acute DVT from the Thromboembolic Disease group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI). PE and thrombosis of unusual venous territories (cerebral, renal, mesenteric, superficial, etc.) are outside its scope, as well as thrombosis associated with catheter and thrombosis associated with cancer, which due to their peculiarities will be the subject of other positioning documents of the Thromboembolic Disease group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI).

Prevalencia de anticuerpos neutralizantes frente al SARS-CoV-2 inducidos tras 2 dosis de vacuna BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) en trabajadores sanitarios / Prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using a rapid serological test in health workers of a Spanish Department of Health in Alicante (Spain) before the booster dose of the vaccine

Fundamento: Estudiar la prevalencia de anticuerpos neutralizantes en el personal sanitario y de apoyo tras la administración de la segunda dosis de vacuna BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech). Material y métodos: En diciembre 2021 llevamos a cabo un estudio en el Departamento de Salud de Orihuela, Alicante (España), formado por 1.500 trabajadores. En los participantes del estudio, recogimos variables demográficas y realizamos un test «point-of-care» (POC) de inmunocromatografía para medir la presencia de anticuerpos neutralizantes (OJABIO® SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Detection Kit, fabricado por Wenzhou OJA Biotechnology Co., Ltd.- Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China) antes de la administración de la tercera dosis de vacuna. Resultados: Obtuvimos información completa de 964 (64%) trabajadores, siendo 290 varones y 674 mujeres. La edad media fue de 45,8 años (mín: 18, máx: 68) y el tiempo desde la última dosis (TUD) de vacuna fue 40,5 semanas (mín: 1,71; máx: 47,71). Un total de 131 (13,5%) habían padecido infección por SARS-CoV-2 confirmada mediante RT-PCR. La proporción de sujetos con presencia de anticuerpos neutralizantes fue de 38,5%. En el análisis multivariable el TUD de vacuna (razón de probabilidades ajustada [ORa] semana: 1,07; IC 95%: 1,04; 1,09) y la infección previa por SARS-CoV-2 (ORa: 3,7; IC 95%: 2,39; 5,63) mostraron asociación estadísticamente significativa con la presencia de anticuerpos neutralizantes. Conclusiones: El TUD de vacuna y la infección previa por SARS-CoV-2 determinaron la presencia de anticuerpos neutralizantes en 38,5% del personal sanitario y personal de apoyo.(AU)

Aim: To study the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in healthcare workers and healthcare support personnel after the administration of the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech). Materials and methods: In December 2021, we undertook a study in the Health Department in Orihuela, Alicante (Spain), which consists of 1500 workers. We collected demographic variables about the study participants, and we performed a «point-of-care» immunochromatography test to measure the presence of neutralizing antibodies (OJABIO® SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Detection Kit, manufactured by Wenzhou OJA Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China) before the administration of the third dose of the vaccine. Results: We obtained complete information about 964 (64%) workers, which consisted of 290 men and 674 women. The average age was 45,8 years (min. 18, max. 68) and the average time since the last dose of the vaccine was 40,5 weeks (min. 1,71, max. 47,71). A total of 131 participants (13,5%) had suffered infection by SARS-CoV-2 confirmed using RT-PCR. The proportion of participants who showed presence of neutralizing antibodies was 38,5%. In the multivariable analysis, the time since the last dose of the vaccine (aOR week: 1,07; 95%CI: 1,04; 1,09) and previous infection by SARS-CoV-2 (aOR: 3,7; 95CI: 2,39; 5,63) showed a statistically significant association with the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Conclusions: The time since the administration of the last dose of the vaccine and the previous infection by SARS-CoV-2 determined the presence of neutralizing antibodies in 38,5% of the healthcare workers and support workers.(AU)

Post-Ureteroscopic Lesion Scale: limitaciones en su aplicabilidad clínica / Post-Ureteroscopic Lesion Scale to determine ureteral wall damage, not so easy to employ

Objetivo Analizar el nivel de concordancia de la Post-Ureteroscopic Lesion Scale (PULS), y examinar las consecuencias de su aplicación en la práctica clínica con datos estadísticos más fiables que los utilizados en el trabajo original. Métodos Se realizaron 14 ureteroscopias (URS) y 14 micro-ureteroscopias (micro-URS) en 14 cerdos hembra. Todos los procedimientos se grabaron en vídeo y se realizó un análisis anatomopatológico en cada uréter. Dieciséis urólogos (9 endourólogos y 7 urólogos generales) y 4 médicos internos residentes evaluaron las lesiones ureterales según la escala PULS, con grados 0, 1 y ≥2. La concordancia se calculó mediante porcentajes, el Coeficiente W de Kendall, el índice kappa de Fleiss y el alfa de Krippendorff. La concordancia entre evaluadores se calculó con la Correlación de Spearman y el Coeficiente kappa de Cohen. Resultados El porcentaje de concordancia fue del 11,1%. Los coeficientes se clasificaron como bajos o muy bajos, y encontramos una mayor concordancia entre los evaluadores más inexpertos. Por otro lado, no hubo acuerdo entre el 50% de los evaluadores. Conclusiones La baja concordancia entre evaluadores, la especificidad de la PULS y la correlación clínico/patológica sugieren dificultades del uso de esta escala y una curva de aprendizaje probablemente larga. (AU)

Objective To analyze the level of agreement of the Post-Ureteroscopic Lesion Scale (PULS) and the consequences on its application in clinical practice with more reliable statistical data than the one used in the original work. Methods 14 URS and 14 micro-URS were performed in 14 female porcine model. All the procedures were video recorded and an anatomopathological analysis was performed in each ureter. Sixteen urologists (9 endourologists and 7 general urologists) and 4 residents evaluated the ureteral lesions according to the PULS, with degrees 0, 1 and ≥2. The agreement was calculated with percentages, Kendall's W coefficient and the indicators Fleiss’ Kappa and Krippendorff's Alpha, while the inter-rater agreement was calculated with Spearman's correlation and Cohen's Kappa. Results The percent of agreement was 11.1%. The coefficients were likewise classified as low or very low, with the greatest agreement found among the inexperienced. Also, 50% of the raters did not agree with the rest. Conclusions The low inter-rater agreement, the specificity of the PULS and the clinical-pathological correlation suggests that this scale is not simple, and probably has a long learning curve. (AU)

Prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using a rapid serological test in health workers of a Spanish Department of Health in Alicante (Spain) before the booster dose of the vaccine.

AIM: To study the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in healthcare workers and healthcare support personnel after the administration of the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In December 2021, we undertook a study in the Health Department in Orihuela, Alicante (Spain), which consists of 1500 workers. We collected demographic variables about the study participants, and we performed a "point-of-care" immunochromatography test to measure the presence of neutralizing antibodies (OJABIO® SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Detection Kit, manufactured by Wenzhou OJA Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China) before the administration of the third dose of the vaccine. RESULTS: We obtained complete information about 964 (64%) workers, which consisted of 290 men and 674 women. The average age was 45,8 years (min. 18, max. 68) and the average time since the last dose of the vaccine was 40,5 weeks (min. 1,71, max. 47,71). A total of 131 participants (13,5%) had suffered infection by SARS-CoV-2 confirmed using RT-PCR. The proportion of participants who showed presence of neutralizing antibodies was 38,5%. In the multivariable analysis, the time since the last dose of the vaccine (aOR week: 1,07; 95%CI: 1,04; 1,09) and previous infection by SARS-CoV-2 (aOR: 3,7; 95CI: 2,39; 5,63) showed a statistically significant association with the presence of neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: The time since the administration of the last dose of the vaccine and the previous infection by SARS-CoV-2 determined the presence of neutralizing antibodies in 38,5% of the healthcare workers and support workers.

Post-Ureteroscopic Lesion Scale to determine ureteral wall damage, not so easy to employ.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the level of agreement of the Post-Ureteroscopy Lesion Scale (PULS) and the consequences on its application in clinical practice with more reliable statistical data than the one used in the original work. METHODS: 14 URS and 14 micro-URS were performed in 14 female porcine model. All the procedures were video recorded and an anatomopathological analysis was performed in each ureter. Sixteen urologists (9 endourologists and 7 general urologists) and 4 residents evaluated the ureteral lesions according to the PULS, with degrees 0, 1 and ≥2. The agreement was calculated with percentages, Kendall's W coefficient and the indicators Fleiss' Kappa and Krippendorff's Alpha, while the inter-rater agreement was calculated with Spearman's correlation and Cohen's Kappa. RESULTS: The percent of agreement was 11.1%. The coefficients were likewise classified as low or very low, with the greatest agreement found among the inexperienced. Also, 50% of the raters did not agree with the rest. CONCLUSIONS: The low inter-rater agreement, the specificity of the PULS and the clinical-pathological correlation suggests that this scale is not simple, and probably has a long learning curve.

Fidelización de usuarios mediante la implantación de un servicio profesional asistido de indicadores para el auto-control del síndrome metabólico / User loyalty through the implementation of a professional service assisted by indicators for the self-monitoring of metabolic syndrome

JUSTIFICACIÓN: el síndrome metabólico (SM) ha tomado gran importancia por su elevada prevalencia y por ser referencia básica para la evaluación de pacientes por los profesionales de la salud. La detección precoz del SM puede evitar complicaciones cardiovasculares y diabetes en aquellos individuos de mayor riesgo. Los parámetros que lo caracterizan son; Al menos 3 de los 5 criterios (glucosa ayunas >110, perímetro abdominal > 110 en hombres y 88 en mujeres, TG >150, colesterol HDL <40 en hombres y 50 en mujeres, Tensión arterial (TA) >130/85), en caso de no poder utilizar perímetro abdominal es aceptable el índice de masa corporal (IMC).OBJETIVO: implantación de un servicio profesional de auto seguimiento del SM en la farmacia comunitaria asistido por el farmacéutico mediante un método de diagnóstico sencillo.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: los parámetros analizados en la farmacia fueron Glucosa, Colesterol, triglicéridos (Reflotron® Roche Diagnostics), IMC y TA (Fénix Imvico). Se ofreció el programa a cualquier paciente que quisiera controlar los parámetros de riesgo en el seguimiento de su tratamiento, pacientes con sobrepeso, y/o fumadores. Se crearon unas tarjetas anónimas e individuales de seguimiento con un total de 5 pruebas. Para evaluar la percepción de fidelización de los pacientes, los resultados del estudio fueron correlacionados sin posibilidad de trazabilidad individual, con parámetros de evolución de la actividad de la farmacia (incrementos de facturación y número de operaciones) suministrados por la aplicación farmacéutica (Farmatic), normalizados por los datos generales del sector (informe IQVIA).RESULTADOS: de diciembre de 2019 a julio de 2021 se entregaron 213 tarjetas válidas, 55 % a mujeres y 45 % a varones. La prueba más demandada fue la toma de tensión (355) seguida de la prueba de glucosa (101) y colesterol (93). (AU)

Music therapy and Sanfilippo syndrome: an analysis of psychological and physiological variables of three case studies.

INTRODUCTION: Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III) or Sanfilippo syndrome is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in the body. As the symptoms are wide ranging, it is a challenge to provide a diagnosis and psychological treatment for affected children. METHOD: The main objective of this study was to describe a form of music therapy treatment applied to three children diagnosed with MPS III. The psychological variables were evaluated by an ad hoc observation recording template, and the physiological variables were measured with a digital meter before and after each session. The perception of the parents was also considered through a semi-structured interview. RESULTS: An improvement in the psychological variables was shown in all cases. Changes in the physiological variables were also noted, although they varied according to each child. The parents report some benefit of music therapy and they share difficulty in assessing the extent of benefits of the music therapy. DISCUSSION: Findings indicate that music therapy can be a useful form of treatment with multiple benefits for children with conditions such as MPS III or similar conditions. However, further research is needed in this area and in the development of specific ways of evaluating music therapy.

Ketogenic diet and cognition in neurological diseases: a systematic review.

CONTEXT: In recent years, the ketogenic diet has gained special relevance as a possible therapeutic alternative to some neurological and chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to answer the following question: Does a ketogenic diet improve cognitive skills in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, refractory epilepsy, and type 1 glucose deficiency syndrome? To define the research question, the PICOS criteria were used, following the guidelines of the PRISMA method. DATA SOURCES: Medline/PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Dialnet, EBSCOhost, Mediagraphic, Sage Journals, ProQuest, and Wiley Online Library databases were used. DATA EXTRACTION: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria in accordance with the PRISMA method, a total of 63 entries published between 2004 and 2019 were used. DATA ANALYSIS: The records extracted were analyzed from a qualitative approach, so no statistical analysis was carried out. CONCLUSION: Although scientific literature on the subject is scarce and there has tended to be a lack of scientific rigor, the studies reviewed confirmed the effectiveness of this diet in improving the cognitive symptomatology of the aforementioned diseases.

Ag5-induced stabilization of multiple surface polarons on perfect and reduced TiO2 rutile (110).

The recent advent of cutting-edge experimental techniques allows for a precise synthesis of subnanometer metal clusters composed of just a few atoms, opening new possibilities for subnanometer science. In this work, via first-principles modeling, we show how the decoration of perfect and reduced TiO2 surfaces with Ag5 atomic clusters enables the stabilization of multiple surface polarons. Moreover, we predict that Ag5 clusters are capable of promoting defect-induced polarons transfer from the subsurface to the surface sites of reduced TiO2 samples. For both planar and pyramidal Ag5 clusters, and considering four different positions of bridging oxygen vacancies, we model up to 14 polaronic structures, leading to 134 polaronic states. About 71% of these configurations encompass coexisting surface polarons. The most stable states are associated with large inter-polaron distances (>7.5 Å on average), not only due to the repulsive interaction between trapped Ti3+ 3d1 electrons, but also due to the interference between their corresponding electronic polarization clouds [P. López-Caballero et al., J. Mater. Chem. A 8, 6842-6853 (2020)]. As a result, the most stable ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic arrangements are energetically quasi-degenerate. However, as the average inter-polarons distance decreases, most (≥70%) of the polaronic configurations become ferromagnetic. The optical excitation of the midgap polaronic states with photon energy at the end of the visible region causes the enlargement of the polaronic wave function over the surface layer. The ability of Ag5 atomic clusters to stabilize multiple surface polarons and extend the optical response of TiO2 surfaces toward the visible region bears importance in improving their (photo-)catalytic properties and illustrates the potential of this new generation of subnanometer-sized materials.

Influencia de bajas concentraciones de oxígeno sobre los cultivos de blastocistos / Influence of low oxygen concentrations on blastocyst culture

En la mayoría de laboratorios de Reproducción Asistida el cultivo de embriones humanos se realiza a concentraciones atmosféricas de oxígeno (20 % de O2), cuando realmente las concentraciones fisioló- gicas son menores. Hasta el momento no está claro si estas diferencias suponen o no un beneficio para el desarrollo embrionario. El beneficio o daño puede ocurrir en cualquier momento del ciclo: desde el estadio de ovocito maduro hasta su desarrollo a blastocisto. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si el cultivo embrionario a diferentes concentraciones de O2 supone algún beneficio en las tasas de fecundación y división, así como en la proporción de blastocistos obtenidos de buena calidad, e indirectamente en la tasas de utilización de estos (los que transferimos y los que se congelan), y en las tasas de implantación y gestación. Realizamos 292 ciclos de cultivo embrionario hasta blastocisto, 139 ciclos en incubadores con concentración del 5 % de O2 y 153 ciclos en incubadores al 20 %. Siendo ambos grupos homogéneos en cuanto al número medio de ovocitos obtenidos, de ovocitos maduros y número total de embriones, no se observaron diferencias significativas en las tasas de fecundación y división. Aunque el número medio total de blastocistos obtenidos fue similar en ambos grupos (4,8 vs 5,1; p=0,349), el porcentaje de blastocistos de buena calidad fue superior en el grupo de los cultivados a bajas proporciones de O2 (29,6 % vs 36,1 %; p <0,05), siendo estas diferencias significativas. También se encontraron diferencias en la tasa de utilización (33,2 % vs 38,1 %; p< 0,05), siendo superior en el grupo cultivado a bajas concentraciones. Dada la tendencia a transferir un solo blastocisto, siempre y cuando disponemos de al menos uno de buena calidad, no se observaron diferencias significativas en la tasa de implantación, de gestación ni de embarazos a término. Con esto podemos concluir que el cultivo a bajas concentraciones de O2 mejora la cantidad de blastocistos de buena calidad obtenidos, por lo que al disponer de una mayor cantidad de estos podremos proporcionar a nuestros pacientes más posibilidades de éxito en sus ciclos. Habría que ampliar el estudio incluyendo los ciclos de criotransferencias para así poder determinar si efectivamente esto se ve reflejado en las tasas de implantación, gestación y embarazo acumulado

In most assisted reproduction laboratories, cultivation of human embryos is performed using atmospheric concentrations of oxygen (20 % O2), when the true physiological concentrations are lower. So far it is unclear whether these differences in the concentration of O2 represent a benefit for embryonic development or not. The benefit or harm can occur at any time during the cycle: from the mature oocyte stage until the blastocyst development. The objective of this work is to determine if the embryo culture at different concentrations of O2 entails any increase in the rates of fertilization and division, as well as the proportion of good quality blastocysts obtained, and indirectly in their use rates (those transferred and those frozen) and also implantation and pregnancy rates. We performed 292 cycles of embryonic culture until blastocyst, 139 cycles in incubators with an O2 concentration of 5% and 153 cycles in incubators with an O2 concentration of 20%. Despite both groups being homogeneous in the average number of oocytes, mature oocytes and total number of embryos, no significant differences were observed among the fertilization and division. Although the total average number of blastocysts obtained was similar in both groups (4.8 vs 5.1; p = 0.349), the percentage of good quality blastocysts was higher in the group cultivated at low rates of O2 (29.6% vs 36.1%; p< 0.05), these being significant differences. We also found differences in the use rate (33.2% vs 38.1%; p < 0.05), with the group cultivated at low concentrations being higher. Given the trend towards a single blastocyst transfer, and provided we have at least one good quality blastocyst, no significant differences were observed in the implantation, pregnancy or full-term pregnancies. To sum up, we can conclude that embryo cultures with low concentrations of O2 improves the amount of good quality blastocysts obtained. Thus, having more blastocyst available we are able to provide our patients with more chances of success in their treatment. We should expand the study with the inclusion of cryotransfer cycles, in order to determine if these findings are indeed reflected in the implantation, pregnancy and cumulative pregnancy rates

Neurotoxins from Clostridium botulinum (serotype A) isolated from the soil of Mendoza (Argentina) differ from the A-Hall archetype and from that causing infant botulism.

The type A of neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum is the prevalent serotype in strains of Mendoza. The soil is the main reservoir for C.botulinum and is possibly one of the infection sources in infant botulism. In this study, we characterized and compared autochthonous C. botulinum strains and their neurotoxins. Bacterial samples were obtained from the soil and from fecal samples collected from children with infant botulism. We first observed differences in the appearance of the colonies between strains from each source and with the A Hall control strain. In addition, purified neurotoxins of both strains were found to be enriched in a band of 300 kDa, whereas the A-Hall strain was mainly made up of a band of ∼600 kDa. This finding is in line with the lack of hemagglutinating activity of the neurotoxins under study. Moreover, the proteolytic activity of C. botulinum neurotoxins was evaluated against SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptor) proteins from rat brain. It was observed that both, SNAP 25 (synaptosomal-associated protein 25) and VAMP 2 (vesicle-associated membrane protein) were cleaved by the neurotoxins isolated from the soil strains, whereas the neurotoxins from infant botulism strains only induced a partial cleavage of VAMP 2. On the other hand, the neurotoxin from the A-Hall strain was able to cleave both proteins, though at a lesser extent. Our data indicate that the C.botulinum strain isolated from the soil, and its BoNT, exhibit different properties compared to the strain obtained from infant botulism patients, and from the A-Hall archetype.

Cerebral hemodynamics is altered in patients with sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome.

According to recent epidemiologic studies, patients with sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including stroke. However, the mechanisms are not well defined. Nocturnal apneas can trigger acute cerebral ischemia in predisposed patients and impaired vasodilatation is present in SAHS, but few studies have explored vascular cerebral dysfunction and often gave inconclusive results. The aims of our study were to assess whether patients with SAHS have impairment of cerebral hemodynamics with respect to controls, and to investigate a possible relationship with clinical data. We studied two groups, one of 76 SAHS patients and another one of 76 non-SAHS subjects matched for age, sex and main cardiovascular risk factors. All participants underwent a daytime transcranial Doppler study of right middle cerebral artery to record cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebrovascular reactivity by means of breath-holding test (BHT). SAHS patients have a reduction in mean cerebral blood flow velocity (MFV) (52 ± 9 vs 60 ± 12 cms/s, p < 0.001) and BHT (31 ± 12 vs 36 ± 11 %, p = 0.005) when compared to non-SAHS controls. Moreover, MFV correlated negatively with the presence of coronary disease, and BHT with female sex and arterial pressure. On the other hand, in the SAHS group, MFV correlated negatively with oxygen desaturation severity. Patients with SAHS have impaired MFV and cerebrovascular reactivity when compared to controls. Interestingly, poorly controlled or unknown hypertension and severe nocturnal hypoxemia caused additional cerebral hemodynamic disturbances to these patients.

Aceptabilidad de la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano en madres de la provincia de Valencia (España) / Acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccine in mothers from Valencia (Spain)

Introducción: La Comunidad Valenciana inició en octubre del 2008 el programa de vacunación contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en niñas de 14 años. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar los conocimientos sobre la infección por VPH y su vacuna en madres de adolescentes e identificar los factores asociados a la predisposición de vacunar a sus hijas. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal mediante cuestionario dirigido a madres de alumnas nacidas en 1995 matriculadas en centros de secundaria de la provincia de Valencia durante 2010-2011. Muestra aleatoria estratificada por conglomerados (n=1.279). Análisis estadístico: porcentajes, intervalos de confianza, OR, contrastes chi al cuadrado y regresión logística multivariante. Resultados: Ochocientos treinta y tres cuestionarios completados (65,1%). El 76,6% de las madres habían vacunado a sus hijas contra el VPH. El 93,8% conocía la vacuna, sobre todo a través de la televisión (71,5%). El 78,5% recibió consejo favorable de un profesional sanitario, lo que mejoró la vacunación de sus hijas (OR: 2,4). Los conocimientos globales sobre la infección por VPH y la vacuna fueron bajos. La confianza de las madres en las vacunas como método preventivo mejora la vacunación contra VPH (OR: 3,8). El miedo a los efectos adversos (45,6%) fue el primer motivo de rechazo. Conclusiones: No parece que los medios de comunicación influyan en la decisión de vacunar. Sería conveniente minimizar la percepción de riesgo ante esta vacuna. El consejo del profesional sanitario actúa a favor de la vacunación si este interviene activamente en sentido positivo. Existe una brecha entre nivel de conocimientos y toma de decisión para vacunar (AU)

Introduction: In October 2008, Valencian Community started its human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination schedules for 14 year-old girls. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge about HPV infection and its vaccine among the mothers of these girls, and to identify factors associated with the willingness to vaccinate their daughters. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study by means of a questionnaire to mothers of girls born in 1995, and attending secondary schools in the province of Valencia during 2010-2011. Cluster stratified random sample (n=1279). Statistical analysis: percentages, confidence intervals, OR, Chi-squared and multivariate logistic regression contrasts. Results: A total of 833 (65.1%) questionnaires were completed. The results obtained showed that, 76.6% of mothers had vaccinated their daughters against HPV; 93.8% knew about the vaccine, particularly through television (71.5%); and 78.5% received positive advice from a health professional which increased the vaccination of their daughters (OR: 2.4). There was low overall knowledge about HPV infection and vaccination. Confidence of the mothers in vaccines as a preventative method increases the HPV vaccination (OR: 3.8). The first reason for refusal was the fear of adverse events (45.6%). Conclusions: Apparently, the media does not influence the willingness to vaccinate. It would be desirable to minimize the perception of risk of the vaccine. Positive health advice from a health professional can have a positive effect on vaccination. There is a gap between the level of knowledge and decision-making to vaccinate (AU)

Metástasis en el carcinoma adenoquístico de glándula salival / Metastatic salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma

El carcinoma adenoide quístico (CAQ) es un tumor difícil de tratar en el que actualmente no hay consenso sobre el tratamiento óptimo. La tendencia a realizar cirugías radicales con intención curativa se ha ido modificando ante la evidencia que ni la supervivencia (en cantidad o calidad) ni la tasa de recidiva local mejora, comparado con cirugías más conservadoras que asocian radioterapia posquirúrgica. La diseminación metastásica ganglionar es poco habitual, pero las metástasis a distancia pulmonar y ósea son frecuentes. La supervivencia a 5 años es elevada, pero disminuye notablemente a los 10-20 años, habiéndose descrito metástasis muy tardías en la literatura. Presentamos cuatro pacientes con carcinoma adenoquístico de glándula salivar con múltiples metástasis a distancia valorados en nuestro servicio en los últimos 10 años. Revisamos los principales aspectos de esta entidad.

It is recognized that adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) remains an extremely difficult disease to treat, the optimal therapy for ACC of the head and neck has not been established. In the past, radical surgery was advocated for curative intent, but it gradually became apparent that this may not improve survival (in quantity o quality) and it may not even reduces local recurrence rates compared with a more conservative surgical approach and postoperative radiotherapy. Metastatic spread to regional lymph nodes is uncommon, but distant spread to the lungs and bones is frequent. Five-year survival rates are high, but 10 to 20 year survival rates are low, with very late metastasis described in literature. We report 4 patients with salivary ACC that were evaluated during the last ten years in our department. We review the main aspects of this entity.

Valoración de bronquiectasias en pacientes con asma / No disponible

Introducción: Las bronquiectasias (BQ) son la consecuencia final de muchas enfermedades, entre las que se encuentra el asma, sin embargo han sido poco estudiadas. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar la presencia de BQ mediante una tomografía computarizada de alta resolución (TCAR) en un subgrupo de pacientes con asma mediante el sistema de clasificación de Bhalla. Asimismo, se comparó si existían diferencias clínicas entre los asmáticos que presentaban o no BQ y si estas se relacionaban con las puntuaciones obtenidas en la escala de Bhalla modificada. Material y métodos: Una TCAR pulmonar se realizó a pacientes con asma, durante un periodo de reclutamiento de 2 años, que cumplían las siguientes condiciones: tres o más exacerbaciones respiratorias al año, historia de expectoración habitual o hemoptoica en alguna ocasión, o asma de larga evolución. Los escáneres fueron evaluados por 2 radiólogos siguiendo la puntuación de Bhalla modificada. Resultados: Se observaron BQ en 48 pacientes de los 65 estudios realizados; el 88% de las BQ fueron cilíndricas y el 62% bilaterales, siendo los lóbulos más afectos los lóbulos inferiores y el lóbulo medio. En todos los enfermos que padecían reflujo gastroesofágico (RGE) se evidenciaron BQ. Los enfermos con BQ mostraron peor FVC (p=0,04) y FEV1 (p=0,05) y mayor frecuencia de rinitis. La puntuación total obtenida por la puntuación de Bhalla modificada se relacionó con la media del porcentaje del valor FEV1/FVC (p=0,01), con el número de exacerbaciones (p=0,01), y con la presencia de colonización bacteriana (p=0,001). Conclusiones: Una alta proporción de pacientes asmáticos de control difícil muestran BQ, que suelen ser cilíndricas y bilaterales. Los enfermos con BQ presentan peor función pulmonar. La puntuación total mediante el sistema de Bhalla se relaciona con la presencia de colonización bacteriana y con el número de exacerbaciones

Introduction: Bronchiectasis (BQ) are the final consequence of many diseases, including asthma is, however this has been inconsiderate. The main objective was to evaluate the presence of BQ by high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) in a subgroup of patients with asthma using a modified Bhalla score. We compared also whether there were clinical differences between asthmatics who presented or not BQ and clinical variables were associated with modified Bhalla scores. Material and methods: Pulmonary HRCT was performed in patients with asthma during a recruitment period of 2 years, who had the following conditions: three or more respiratory exacerbations per year history of coughing or hemoptysis usual on occasion, asthma longstanding and images suggestive of BQ in the chest radiograph. The HRCT were evaluated by 2 radiologists according to the modified Bhalla score. Results: We observed 48 patients with BQ in 65 studies, 88% were cylindrical and bilateral in 62%. The more affected were the lower and middle lobes. All patients suffering from gastroesophageal reflux had evident BQ. Patients with BQ showed worse FEV1 (p = 0.04), FVC (p=0.05) and rhinitis more often. The total modified Bhalla score was related to the average percentage of FEV1/FVC value (p=0.01), the number of exacerbations (p = 0.01), and the presence of bacterial colonization (p = 0.01). Conclusions: A high proportion of patients with difficult asthma clinic have BQ. Usually these BQ are bilateral and cylindrical and the patients with BQ present worse respiratory functional state. Bhalla total score correlated with the presence of bacterial colonization and the number of exacerbations

Paleoneuroanatomy of the European lambeosaurine dinosaur Arenysaurus ardevoli.

The neuroanatomy of hadrosaurid dinosaurs is well known from North America and Asia. In Europe only a few cranial remains have been recovered that include the braincase. Arenysaurus is the first European endocast for which the paleoneuroanatomy has been studied. The resulting data have enabled us to draw ontogenetic, phylogenetic and functional inferences. Arenysaurus preserves the endocast and the inner ear. This cranial material was CT scanned, and a 3D-model was generated. The endocast morphology supports a general pattern for hadrosaurids with some characters that distinguish it to a subfamily level, such as a brain cavity that is anteroposteriorly shorter or the angle of the major axis of the cerebral hemisphere to the horizontal in lambeosaurines. Both these characters are present in the endocast of Arenysaurus. Osteological features indicate an adult ontogenetic stage, while some paleoneuroanatomical features are indicative of a subadult ontogenetic stage. It is hypothesized that the presence of puzzling mixture of characters that suggest different ontogenetic stages for this specimen may reflect some degree of dwarfism in Arenysaurus. Regarding the inner ear, its structure shows differences from the ornithopod clade with respect to the height of the semicircular canals. These differences could lead to a decrease in the compensatory movements of eyes and head, with important implications for the paleobiology and behavior of hadrosaurid taxa such as Edmontosaurus, Parasaurolophus and Arenysaurus. The endocranial morphology of European hadrosaurids sheds new light on the evolution of this group and may reflect the conditions in the archipelago where these animals lived during the Late Cretaceous.

[Acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccine in mothers from Valencia (Spain)]. / Aceptabilidad de la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano en madres de la provincia de Valencia (España).

INTRODUCTION: In October 2008, Valencian Community started its human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination schedules for 14 year-old girls. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge about HPV infection and its vaccine among the mothers of these girls, and to identify factors associated with the willingness to vaccinate their daughters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study by means of a questionnaire to mothers of girls born in 1995, and attending secondary schools in the province of Valencia during 2010-2011. Cluster stratified random sample (n=1279). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: percentages, confidence intervals, OR, Chi-squared and multivariate logistic regression contrasts. RESULTS: A total of 833 (65.1%) questionnaires were completed. The results obtained showed that, 76.6% of mothers had vaccinated their daughters against HPV; 93.8% knew about the vaccine, particularly through television (71.5%); and 78.5% received positive advice from a health professional which increased the vaccination of their daughters (OR: 2.4). There was low overall knowledge about HPV infection and vaccination. Confidence of the mothers in vaccines as a preventative method increases the HPV vaccination (OR: 3.8). The first reason for refusal was the fear of adverse events (45.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Apparently, the media does not influence the willingness to vaccinate. It would be desirable to minimize the perception of risk of the vaccine. Positive health advice from a health professional can have a positive effect on vaccination. There is a gap between the level of knowledge and decision-making to vaccinate.

Efectos de la administración de sulfato de magnesio en recién nacidos de gestantes con preeclampsia / Effects of SO4Mg administration to women with preeclampsia on their newborn

Objetivo: Valorar si la administración de sulfato de magnesio (SO4Mg) antenatal, con intención de prevenir las crisis convulsivas en gestantes con preeclampsia, ejerce un efecto neuroprotector a corto plazo en los recién nacidos (RN). Sujetos y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo en el que se revisan las historias clínicas de los RN de madres con preeclampsia que precisaron ingreso en la unidad de neonatología desde enero de 2005 hasta diciembre de 2011. Resultados: Se estudiaron 125 gestantes con preeclampsia; 59 recibieron SO4Mg. La presión arterial sistólica fue significativamente superior en el subgrupo tratado. La vía de parto fue la cesárea urgente en el 79,8% de las gestantes. La media (± desviación estándar) de la edad gestacional de los RN de gestantes tratadas fue de 32,9 ± 3,5 semanas, y la de RN de gestantes no tratadas con SO4Mg fue de 34,9 ± 2,8 semanas (p <0,001). El peso al nacimiento fue de 1.588 ± 536,5 g en los RN de gestantes tratadas y de 1.918 ± 628 g en los de gestantes no tratadas (p <0,002). No hubo diferencias en el test de Apgar al cabo de 1, 5 y 10 minutos, ni en el pH en la primera hora de vida en los RN de gestantes tratadas, frente a los RN de gestantes no tratadas. Cinco de los 125 RN tenían al alta una ecografía cerebral patológica; 1 de los 5 RN con ecografía cerebral patológica al alta no había recibido SO4Mg antenatal. No se describieron efectos secundarios en las gestantes tratadas con SO4Mg ni en los RN. Conclusiones: Los RN de madres con preeclampsia tratadas con SO4Mg con intención antihipertensiva presentan una edad gestacional y un peso al nacimiento menores que los RN de gestantes no tratadas. La incidencia de ecografía cerebral patológica al alta es menor en los RN de gestantes con preeclampsia tratadas con SO4Mg. La administración de SO4Mg es segura para las gestantes con preeclampsia y sus RN. Es necesario realizar más estudios que definan el mejor régimen de tratamiento con SO4Mg antenatal como agente neuroprotector (AU)

Title: Effects of SO4Mg administration to women with preeclampsia on their newborn Objective: To know if the administration of SO4Mg before birth to women with preeclampsia to prevent seizures had neurologic effects on their babies. Subjets and methods: A retrospective study was conducted. We reviewed 125 newborn charts admitted to the neonatal unit care whose mother had preeclampsia from January'05 to December'11. Results: 125 pregnant women with preeclampsia were included. 59 received SO4Mg. Systolic blood pressure was higher in the group of treatment. Most neonates were delivered by emergency C-section (79.8%). Mean gestational age was 32.9 ± 3.5 in the group of treatment and 34.9 ± 2.8 in the no treatment group (p <0.001). Mean birth weight in the treatment group was 1,588 ± 536.5 g and 1,918 ± 628 g in the other (p <0.002). There were no differences neither on Apgar 1-5-10 min score nor cord blood pH. 5/125 newborn had adverse head ultrasound at discharge. One of them did not receive antenatal magnesium. There were no adverse reactions on mother or babies treated. Conclusions: Infants born to mother with preeclampsia who received SO4Mg as antihypertensive had a lower gestational age and birth weight. Incidence of adverse head ultrasound at discharge is higher in the group of no treatment. Antenatal SO4Mg is safe for women and in the perinatal period. More studies are needed to define the better dosing for neuroprotection (AU)